Aquaculture 2022

February 28 - March 4, 2022

San Diego, California

SEASONAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES OF TWO DEVELOPING COMMERCIAL SHELLFISH SPECIES IN MASSACHUSETTS

Harriet Booth1,2*, Joshua Reitsma1,2, Emma Green-Beach3, Matthew Weeks4, Ryan Burch5, Roxanne Smolowitz6, Abigail Archer1,2, Dale Leavitt7

 

1Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, PO Box 367, 3675 Main St., Barnstable, MA 02630

2Woods Hole Sea Grant, 193 Oyster Pond Road, MS #2, Woods Hole, MA 02543

harriet.booth@barnstablecounty.org

 



 The spawning cycles of two potentially valuable commercial shellfish species in Massachusetts were examined to determine timing of gametogenic development. The “southern” surfclam , Spisula solidissima similis , is a subspecies of Spisula solidissima solidissima, the commercially harvested Atlantic surfclam , and has been experimentally grown in Massachusetts coastal waters with recent success. The intertidal fishery for the razor clam, Ensis directus , has become increasingly important in areas of Massachusetts, but little is known of the seasonal reproductive patterns of either species. To  address this question in local populations,  a sample of 10 clams of each species was examined at monthly intervals over two years. Morphometric data (shell length, weight) was collected before each clam was opened to visually determine gonadal development. A gonad tissue sample was then examined under a microscope to determine the presence/absence of germ cells, and to estimate the developmental stage. Preliminary results suggest that  E. directus in Cape Cod Bay spawn in May, similar to documented spawning times of populations in northern Europe and Canada and aligning with seasonal water temperature increases.  S. s. similis appear to spawn in late May-June, later than southern populations but  also  reflecting the spring warming of water temperatures in the northern latitudinal region. Both species exhibited an additional spawn in September,  an occurrence potentially driven by food availability as well as water temperature.  While  peak  spawning typically occurs in the spring, with a warming climate and oceans, and  a  subsequently longer growing season, fall spawns could become more prevalent in New England species.