Aquaculture 2022

February 28 - March 4, 2022

San Diego, California

GENOMIC RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT COMMERCIAL AND RESTORATION CULTURE OF NORTH AMERCIAN ABALONE SPECIES

Catherine Purcell*, Rick Masonbrink, Fabiola Lafarga- De la Cruz, Andrew Severin, and John Hyde

 

Southwest Fisheries Science Center

8901 La Jolla Shores Drive

La Jolla, California 92037

Catherine.Purcell@noaa.gov

 



Along the western coast of North America, seven species of abalone are distributed over a broad range from Baja California, Mexico to Alaska. Unfortunately, for all these abalone species, disease and fishing pressure has led to drastically declining natural stocks. These declines have resulted in the listing of white (Haliotis sorenseni) and black (H. cracherodii) abalone as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The declines have also resulted in the closures of U.S. commercial and recreational fisheries for all abalone species, with the exception of a small subsistence/personal use fishery for pinto abalone (H. kamtschatkana) in Alaska. Due to these closures, abalone are one of the few groups of marine species where culture production dominates the commercial market. Commercial abalone production has greatly expanded over the past decade to become a thriving global industry due to high market value of abalone products. In the U.S., most commercial production operates in California and primarily utilizes red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), with green abalone (H. fulgens), and pink abalone (H. corrugata) as potential candidates for aquaculture development in warmer, more southern locations. Restoration culture is also a high priority in the U.S.; this practice aims to breed and release animals back into the wild to enhance natural populations. For abalone, restoration culture has resulted in outplantings of young pinto, green, and endangered white abalone back into coastal waters. Genomic resources have been used to greatly improve production for most livestock, agriculture, and aquaculture species (where developed); however, few genomic resources exist for West Coast abalone species. These genomic tools can enhance commercially important traits that are essential to improved production efficiency and abalone culture expansion in California (e.g., growth rate, disease resistance, thermal tolerance). Development of these genomic resources can also improve abalone restoration culture by helping to evaluate genomic diversity and culture-biased selection to guide breeding and outplanting efforts. To help advance abalone aquaculture practices for commercial and restoration culture in the U.S., we are in the process of developing a genomic toolkit for several of these species. This work includes sequencing the genomes of red, green, black, and white abalone, along with additional sequencing projects on other abalone species and hybrids. Results, to date, on these projects will be presented.