Aquaculture 2022

February 28 - March 4, 2022

San Diego, California

CHARACTERIZATION OF STRESS RESPONSE AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN CULTURED BURBOT Lota lota maculosa FOLLOWING FEEDING WITH PLANT-BASED DIETS

Timothy J. Bruce* Jacob W. Bledsoe, Luke P. Oliver, Jie Ma, Evan M. Jones, Brent M. Vuglar, Thomas L. Welker, and Kenneth D. Cain

 

School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences

203 Swingle Hall

Auburn University

Auburn, AL 36849

tjb0089@auburn.edu

 



Burbot (Lota lota maculosa) are a freshwater cod-like fish species that offer potential as a new commercial foodfish. These fish offer a desirable fillet, demonstrate favorable growth, and can be cultured under similar conditions to rainbow trout. Recently, researchers at the University of Idaho have evaluated dietary formulations for juvenile burbot culture and have found that burbot are tolerant of low-level soybean meal as a fishmeal replacement. In the current trial, an Atlantic cod marine-type diet (fishmeal-based control; REF) and two, 25% fishmeal-replaced diets with soybean meal (SBM) and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) were evaluated. Immediately following a 72-day feeding period, a subset of burbot were subjected to both density and temperature stressors. A high-temperature treatment was set for a water temperature of 20ºC, and the high-density treatment was set at a biomass density of 0.1 kg/L. A control group (no stressors administered) was also included for comparison. At timepoint 0 and 10d post-stress initiation, burbot were sampled for baseline health metrics (n=5 per tank; blood for hematocrit/plasma, liver, and fecal material from the distal intestine). Plasma glucose and lactate analyses were completed via commercial colorimetric assays. In the temperature-stressed burbot, the DDGS group showed lower plasma glucose levels than the REF diet (P=0.007), while the density-stressed burbot fed DDGS displayed lower plasma glucose than both the REF (P=0.001) and SBM (P=0.015) groups. Plasma cortisol samples were analyzed via GC/MS with no differences found across dietary treatment groups (P=0.755), and the experimental stressors did not appear to influence this metric (P=0.501). Post-exposure fecal matter was collected to assess the impact of these rearing stressors on the intestinal microbiota. Microbiota richness, as measured by the number of observed amplicon sequence variants (ASV) was found to be influenced by stressor (P=0.021; decreasing trend with density treatment) but not by diet (P=0.736), and this same stress-related influence was detected for the Shannon (P=0.003) and Simpson (P=0.003) alpha diversity indices. For beta diversity, an unweighted UniFrac analysis also discerned no diet-related differences (P=0.561) but revealed differences in stressed and unstressed fish (P=0.030). Streptococcus spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. were both found to be differentially abundant in the stressed groups as compared to the non-stressed fish. A better understanding of the burbot stress response will allow for producers to optimize rearing conditions for temperature and stocking densities for this prospective species.