TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN SHRIMP FARMING VOLUME 50, NUMBER 3 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY SEPTEMBER 2019 W RLD AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2019 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, PO Box 397, Sorrento LA 70778-0397 USA. P and F: +1-225-347-5408; Email: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2019-2020 Jimmy Avery, President Maria Célia Portella, Immediate Past President Antonio Garza de Yta, President-Elect Reginald Blaylock, Treasurer Kathleen Hartman, Secretary DIRECTORS Humberto Villarreal Colmenares Michael Denson Maymyat (Noe Noe) Lwin Albert Tacon Gillaume Drillet Marco Saroglia CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Rohana Subasinghe, Asian Pacific Angela Caporelli, USAS Luís André Sampaio, Latin America and Caribbean Jin-Hyung Yoo, Korean Sherif Sadek, African HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Executive Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPODENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. Email: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN 1041-5602), is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 14356 Bayou Terrace Drive, Saint Amant, LA 70774 USA. Library subscription price $50 annually for United States addresses and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals) $1,100; E-membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts, and not an active member in last five years). Periodical postage paid at Sorrento Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER Please send address changes to World Aquaculture Society, PO Box 397, Sorrento, LA 70778-0397 USA. ©2018, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 50 NO. 3 SEPTEMBER 2019 10 Scite Science Crunchers Partners with the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society to Enhance Visibility of the Science Published in JWAS 14 In Memoriam: Meryl C. Broussard, Jr. (1950-2019) 19 Final Planning Update for LACQUA 19; AA 2020 Planning Update 22 The Failure of MUMS and Aquaculture Indexing Craig Watson 27 Effect of Food Resource Availability on Resilience of Eastern Oyster Larvae to Ocean Acidification Michelle Barbosa, Caroline Schwaner, Teresa Schwemmer, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa and Bassem Allam 31 Perceptions and Values of Shellfish Stakeholders in Washington State Katharine Wellman 38 Implementation of Feeding Strategies to Improve Technical Efficiency in Shrimp Farming Máximo Quispe Chau 45 Culture Trials of Nile Perch Juveniles in Cages and Earthen Ponds N.O. Outa and E.O. Ogello 50 Technical Efficiency Evaluation of European Firms Producing Cultured Sea Bass and Sea Bream in the Mediterranean Sea José L. Fernández Sánchez, Ignacio Llorente García and Manuel Luna García 53 In Search of Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Culture Potential of the Pacific Clam Sergio Nestor Bolasina 56 Demonstration of a Climate-Resilient Multitrophic Pen System in Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India Thankam Theresa Paul, G. Kuberan, Preetha Panikker, Deepa Sudheesan, U.K. Sarkar and B.K. Das 60 Does Cannabis Extract Work on Fish: Do Tilapia Get High? Samer Monzer and Imad Saoud 64 Biochar: An Emerging Solution for Sustainable Aquaculture Chittaranjan Raul, Sambit Priyadarshi, Vidya Shree Bharti and Satya Prakash 66 Blood Physiology of Red Tilapia Cultured in Seawater with Biofloc and Probiotics I. Bañuelos-Vargas, O.A. Mendoza-Gamboa, G.A. Rodríguez-Montes de Oca, E. Martínez-Montaño and J.C. Román-Reyes COVER: Monitoring shrimp growth to assess technical efficiency. See story on page 38. (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 SEPTEMBER 2019 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column The WAS Election process is now complete. Dr. Antonio Garza de Yta, Rector at Universidad Tecnológica del Mar de Tamaulipas Bicentenario, Mexico is the new President-elect and will serve a one-year term before rising to President. Dr. Reginald Blaylock, Assistant Director, Thad Cochran Marine Aquaculture Center, University of Southern Mississippi, was elected Treasurer and will serve a two-year term. Professor Marco Saroglia, University of Insurbia in Varese, Italy is a new Director and will serve a threeyear term. Also elected to a Director position with a three-year term was Dr. Guillaume Drillet, Regional Business Development Manager, SGS in Singapore. On behalf of the Society, I want to thank Dr. Wendy Sealy (past Treasurer) and Dr. Darryl Jory (past Director) for their years of service. I look forward to working with our newly elected officers and directors. At this writing, elections for the African and Latin American and Caribbean Chapters are nearing completion. I urge Society members to actively support the election process of the chapters and the parent society. Only 15-18 percent of WAS members vote in elections and we would like to see a much higher participation rate. The Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2019 meeting held in Chennai, India was a success, with 3,507 participants from 67 countries. A special thanks to Steering Committee Co-Chairs Dr. S. Felix and Dr. Farshad Shishehchian and the 18 committee members for their hard work. The Program Committee chairs organized 74 sessions and 333 poster presentations. The trade show had 222 booths. WAS Executive Director John Cooksey and his management team, along with support from WAS Home Office staff Carol Mendoza and Judy Andrasko are to be congratulated as well. I urge you to visit the WAS website to see video highlights of APA 19. The Society is eagerly awaiting the next two chapter conferences. LACQUA19 will be the 2019 annual meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean Chapter and will be held November 19-22, 2019 in San José, Costa Rica. San José will be the site for the WAS Board of Directors midyear meeting and I look forward to seeing the WAS Board, the LACC Board, and members in beautiful Costa Rica! Aquaculture America 2020 will be held February 9-12, 2020 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Abstract deadlines for the Hawaii meeting are almost here! A colleague recently mentioned that it was his opinion that a president of another professional organization had “floated” through their term. When asked to explain, he stated that the organization was in about the same condition as when the president took office. It is difficult to make changes to an organization like ours within one presidential term. The president doesn’t make motions and can’t vote unless there is a tie. Yes, he or she can appoint certain committee chairs and urge them to focus on certain tasks already specified in the bylaws, but eventually the officers and directors must approve any changes. Major changes would require a vote by membership and typically there is only one chance per year to get that done. Any organization that is 50 years old could probably benefit from a few upgrades. The World Aquaculture Society is in great shape and continues to excel in almost every aspect of its mission. Soon, you will get a chance to see the World Aquaculture Society 2020-2025 Strategic Plan. I encourage you to read it and think about what you want out of your organization. I promise you that I will attempt to not “float” through my term. However, I challenge you to not float through your membership year. Do something positive to improve the Society – vote, run for office, nominate someone for an award, encourage a student or a fellow farmer to join, provide input to the Board, submit an article to the journal or magazine. Let’s compare notes in mid-2020 and see how we did. — Jimmy L. Avery, President Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 5 USAS Chapter Report 6 Korean Chapter Report 8 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 9 African Chapter Report 9 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 70 Conference Calendar 71 Future Conferences and Expositions 72 Membership Application This report reviews the use of aquatic genetic resources in capture fisheries and aquaculture. The first-ever global report of its kind is based on information provided by 92 countries, together representing 96 percent of global aquaculture production. The report highlights the potential for sustainable production gains through the genetic improvement of farmed aquatic resources. The report concludes that we have the opportunity to significantly enhance sustainable aquaculture production through the strategic management and development of some of the more than 550 species currently used in aquaculture. FAO COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S AQUATIC GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ASSESSMENTS • 2019 ISSN 2412-5474
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2019 3 Editor’s Note The IPCC summarized the recently released Climate and Land Report with a tweet that said “Land is under growing human pressure. Land is a part of the solution. But land can’t do it all.” The report describes how the changing climate is degrading the capacity of land to grow food, already exacerbated by poor land-use practices in some areas. The urgency to act is reinforced by the need to limit warming this century to 1.5 C to avoid effects that are increasingly being described using terms like “crisis” or “emergency.” To avoid the 1.5 C temperature change, greenhouse gas emissions would have to be reduced to zero by mid-century. We live in the Anthropocene and the IPCC estimates that humans are using or have impacted more than 70 percent of the global ice-free land surface. Converting forests and other natural areas into pasture or cropland is a major source of emissions. Although land currently absorbs 30 percent of global emissions and absorbs more carbon that it emits, ongoing deforestation and land degradation threaten the capacity of land to be a sink for emissions. About 1/4 of greenhouse gas emissions come from agriculture, deforestation and other land uses, 3/4 comes from other human activities, primarily transportation, power production and heavy industry. If broader value-chains are considered, the global food system accounts for more than 1/3 of emissions. Agriculture is a major emitter of methane, a gas with a more potent greenhouse effect than CO2. Methane emissions from agriculture have been increasing in response to expansion in the number of ruminant livestock and the area dedicated to farming rice. The effects of climate change on land are already being felt. Over the last five decades, the air over land is warming at a rate twice as fast as for the planet as a whole. Heat waves, droughts and wildfires are now more common, as are extreme weather events, flooding and soil erosion. The yields of crops grown in tropical zones are declining, threatening food security and livelihoods, increasing migration and the potential for conflict. Only 10 percent of the global ice-free land surface is involved in crop production, along with 2 percent in irrigated crop production. This is the land that is critical for human food production, especially commodity grains, but it is also the land critical for fed aquaculture. In recent decades, about 10 percent of grain production has been lost to drought, flooding and extreme weather. Yields of the major grains — corn, wheat, soybean and rice — are expected to decrease, resulting in an increase in grain prices of 7.6 percent by 2050. The nutritional quality of these grains is expected to decline, threatening food security. To limit global heating to less than 1.5 C, the report provides a menu of options to reduce emissions or enhance carbon sequestration by land. Obviously stopping deforestation and protecting the remaining forests is a key part of any broad-based set of solutions. A more sustainable agriculture is another key solution. Farming methods such as reduced tillage and other better farming practices can conserve soil carbon. Using less fertilizer can reduce nitrous oxide emissions. Changing feed composition for livestock can reduce methane emissions. Here is a specific example where aquaculture may provide a direct contribution. Livestock diets that include an extract of the red seaweed Asparagopsis result in 24-48 percent lower methane emissions. A new company, Greener Grazing, aims to produce this seaweed at commercial scale. Another solution proposed in the report, one receiving disproportionate attention from the press, is for people to change their diets towards those with lower impact, usually interpreted to mean less meat. The report also calls for reducing food waste, which currently accounts for 25-30 percent of food produced. So, what are the implications of this IPCC report for aquaculture, particularly inland aquaculture? Perhaps most concerning is the effect of global heating on the availability of fresh surface water for inland aquaculture. The report predicts that the land area with water stress will expand, forcing prioritization of water use in those areas for direct human needs. Also concerning is the effect on the supply of grains and their by-products for use in aquafeeds. Ultimately the sustainability of fed aquaculture is tied intimately to the sustainability of crop production. According to the FAO, the farming of fed species has increased by 10 percentage points from 2000-2016 to 69.5 percent. Finally, although aquaculture makes a miniscule contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, aquaculture ponds are sources of methane, at a magnitude similar to that from ricefields. The young Swedish activist, Greta Thunberg, was inspired to commit acts of civil disobedience by a climate change nightmare. She recently admonished members of the US Congress in saying “I know you are trying but just not hard enough.” It’s a message for all of us to try harder, to do what we can, to play our part in providing solutions that can get us on a path towards a sustainable future. Although aquaculture is still rather small relative to agriculture as a whole, there is always room for improvement. A number of reports in recent years have demonstrated that the environmental impacts of animal protein production are not equal and that fish production is one of the most efficient forms. Aquaculture has many great stories to tell, stories that can be used to inform a food production policy agenda that favors efficient forms of animal protein production like aquaculture. In the very near future, the IPCC will release another special report on the ocean and cryosphere. The report is expected to discuss the likely displacement of millions of people caused by rising sea levels. Obviously vast areas of coastal aquaculture ponds would disappear in the inundation. Ocean acidification, superstorms and marine heatwaves are likely to prevent the full realization of aquaculture’s potential in marine waters. The time to prepare is now. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Aquaculture and the IPCC Climate and Land Report The IPCC summarized the recently released Climate and Land Report with a tweet that said “Land is under growing human pressure. Land is a part of the solution. But land can’t do it all.”
4 SEPTEMBER 2019 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG February 9-12, 2020 Hawaii Convention Center Honolulu, Hawaii, USA For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org | www.was.org Aquaculture America 2020 THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION OF Associate Sponsors: AFIA, Aquaculture Committee • American Tilapia Association • American Veterinary Medical Association Aquacultural Engineering Society • Aquaculture Association of Canada • Catfish Farmers of America Global Aquaculture Alliance • International Association of Aquaculture Economics and Management PREMIER SPONSORS Hosted By: Hawaii Aquaculture & Aquaponics Association Hawai’i Aquaculture: A Tradition of Navigating with Innovation, Technology and Culture AA20 was ad CMYK.indd 1 5/9/19 12:04 PM
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2019 5 There are many positive aspects happening within the industry and areas of growth are exploding. A prime example of this is the shellfish industry. Both East Coast and West Coast shellfish production has grown by double digits over the last decade. On the East Coast, while natural harvest has been flat over the past five years, aquaculture production of bivalves has doubled and was valued at $165 million in 2018 ($87.5 million of oysters and $73 million of clams). Including all the support industries and associated value-chain activities increases the total value to $500 million into local economies. The ornamental fish industry is also growing and is a multi-million-dollar industry annually. There is significant growth in kelp and seaweed production and development for uses that were not in existence 1015 years ago. The polyculture of kelp and shellfish is also a growth area within production and research for food, pharmaceuticals and remediation activities in areas such as Long Island Sound and the Florida and Louisiana coasts dealing with nuisance blooms of bluegreen algae and biological energy absorption of storm surges. Unfortunately, many people, including journalists outside of the industry, think all aquaculture is for foodfish. We are taking the opportunity to educate people in the ways and means that aquaculture infiltrates their lives. This is very evident when people comment that they only eat wild caught salmon. These same consumers are shocked to know that the majority of all those “wild caught” salmon started out in a spawning facility, a hatchery and or fingerling production system prior to being released into the wild, to be caught as wild fish at maturity. Chances are the aquarium fish in their child’s night-light aquarium or their first trout caught at a state or federally stocked lake were spawned and raised in captivity and supplied through responsible aquaculture, relieving pressure and even enhancing natural production. Sport fishermen that purchase live bait for a good day of fishing have been able to get those rosiereds and fathead minnows thanks to aquaculture. These are just a few areas where education is so important and the responsibility in educating the masses is up to all of us. There have been some species and production methods that have ebbed and flowed within the aquaculture industry. It is easy to see where some people may think the industry is not doing well, when the one or two species they have connected with are not in the spotlight. However, unlike other livestock species, aquatic animals have several diversifying aspects of the industry and, whether produced in ponds, RAS or raceways, in fresh or salt water, at different temperatures and water quality, products of aquaculture are grown to meet the ever changing demand of the consumer. The un-informed need to be exposed to the research, opportunities and potential within the aquaculture industry. In other USAS news, the Awards Committee has posted a request for nominations for professional awards and all the requirements are listed on the website. The Strategic Planning Committee is working on the next five-year strategic plan and are doing a great job working with WAS to align USAS with common U.S. Aquaculture Society Wow, I cannot believe it has been already over six months into my USAS Presidency! There are several USAS actions and activities in the works that I think will have significant positive impacts on the aquaculture industry here in the US. First, the USAS Board of Directors took a chance and supported an aquaculture information booth at the National Conference for State Legislators in Nashville. The conference was attended by over 5,000 state legislators, staffers and several industries and associations from every corner of the US, representing everything from animal rights to hemp production to Google marketing. Unlike most of the booth attendees, the USAS was not asking for changes in regulations or funding but to increase the knowledge of state legislators about aquaculture and possible opportunities within the industry and how it may affect their states. This was welcomed from the attendees and many felt that, when an aquaculture item now hits their desk, they are more educated and have a resource in USAS and NAA to gather further information to make more informed decisions. Several state legislators and staff stopped at the booth with great questions about aquaculture. Several from coastal states and states in the Mississippi Delta area spoke very proudly of their aquaculture sectors and were very willing to work closely with USAS to identify opportunities and overcome constraints where needed. They and many others were further enlightened and encouraged by the growth potential of different species and diversification of culture techniques happening in the US. All in all, it was a productive and educational experience. The USAS Education and Outreach Committee is working diligently to develop an aquaponics workshop for the 2020 USAS meeting in Hawaii that will be quite informative, hands-on and well worth the effort to attend. More webinars are planned and more details about these will follow. The Initiative on Education is well into the planning stage, with confirmation of the First Annual Forum for Sustainable Aquaculture: Food Security and The Future. This will be held in Washington DC on October 16 at Top of The Hill Conference Center. We have a great set of presenters to address the economics, opportunities and constraints within the US aquaculture industry and some awesome videos that will also be shown to drive home the vital impacts the industry has on farming families that have been and continue to be profitable by being good stewards of the land and available water resources. We will have excerpts and possibly the entire forum videoed and available on the USAS website after the event. This forum comes at a very critical time when several op-ed pieces and publications have come out that have broad-brushed the US aquaculture industry with general observations that lead to the overall take-away message that the industry is in a dire situation. Nothing could be further from the truth! Representatives of the USAS, the National Aquaculture Association and other organizations have written rebuttals and will continue to monitor these activities and respond with factual information to expand knowledge about US aquaculture. CHAPTER REPORTS (CONTINUED ON PAGE 12)
6 SEPTEMBER 2019 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Initiation of Mass Production of Yellow Croaker Fry The Jeollanam-do Ocean and Fisheries Science Institute (OSFI) produced and distributed fertilized eggs of yellow croaker from seed producers to participating fish farmers for mass production. Yellow croaker is one of the most favorite fishes in Korea. The demand for yellow croaker has been increasing because of the high value of about 20,000 won/kg (about US$17/kg). The yield from fisheries reduced from 59,326 tons in 2011 to 23,274 tons in 2018. The OSFI operates the West Sea Specialty Goods Test Center in Yeonggwang, the famous site of dried yellow croaker (gulbi) and has carried out tests and research on industrialization such as technology for breeding, seed production and shortening the culture period. As a result, it is now possible to produce yellow croaker in a single year (6-8 months). Since the first success of seed production in 2005, aquaculture technology development has been continuously pursued to achieve the growth and industrialization of gulbi. Last March, 37,000 cm3 of fertilized eggs were produced and distributed to five seed producers located in Yeonggwang and Hampyeong. Developing Year-round Aquaculture Production Technology for the Convict Grouper The Jeollanam-do Ocean and Fisheries Science Institute (OSFI) announced that it will select the high-performance strategic fish as a high-income strategic species and promote the development of land-based aquaculture technology to promote aquaculture industrialization of convict grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus (aka Hyporthodus septemfasciatus). Convict grouper is a subtropical fish that has been produced only in some limited areas such as Geomun-do on the south coast. The production was 292 tons nationwide in 2018, with value of 7.5 billion won (about US$6.3 million). Jeollanam-do region’s production was 118 tons (3 billion won, about US$2.5 million), accounting for 40 percent of the country’s production. Half of fry stocked in cages in September-October died due to low water temperatures over the winter. Research was initiated to determine the low temperature limits for the species. Jeollanam-do OFSI is developing a recirculating aquaculture system as a midstage culture technique that holds fish and larvae on land in winter when water temperature is low. This is to eliminate production difficulties by reducing the early mortality of high-priced seedlings that cost 2,500 won (about US$2) per fish. As the sea surface water temperature in Korea rises due to climate change, the necessity of developing high valueadded subtropical varieties that can adapt to the environment is increasing. In fact, the sea surface temperature around the Korean peninsula has risen by 1.23 C in the last 50 years or 2.5 times the world average. The goal is to increase productivity while reducing costs by shortening the production period. Mass Production Technology for Common Cockle The Chungnam-do Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FRRI) has succeeded in developing a technology that can artificially hatch common cockle Cerastoderma edule in large quantities. The cockle is a representative winter seafood on the west coast because of its chewy texture and sea-flavored taste. After peak production of 1,156 tons in 2003, it has decreased and, after 2012, production fell so sharply that it was not reported in official statistics. Last year, Hongseong-gun unofficially compiled a fisheries ground management survey and reported only about 100 tons of production. The FRRI considered the broodstock resource to have collapsed and that the sharp decrease in production was caused by reckless overfishing and the rise in water temperature due to climate change. Under these circumstances, the FRRI started to develop artificial hatchery technology in 2016 using broodstock from local waters and secured the artificial settling technology this year, the fourth year of the study. In 2017, the FRRI succeeded in developing artificial maturation induction technology and established a floating larval management technology with a feeding system. Last year, the institute confirmed the lowest degree of broodstock condition for gonad development and developed the seed production and rearing technology of 2-mm spat through a pilot study of seed production. As a result, the FRRI succeeded in producing young cockles by inducing mass artificial spawning. Based on this, the FRRI started a cockle recovery project in Cheonsu Bay, with upgrading of production technology and full-scale farming research. The development of mass production technology of cockle spat has the potential to restore cockle resources and increase the potential for full aquaculture. Coastal Rocky Shore Clean-Up by FIRA South Seas Headquarters The Korea Fisheries Resources Agency (FIRA) South Sea Headquarters announced that it has carried out a project with fishermen to clean the coastal rock beds to restore seaweed resources along the Ando intertidal zone in Yeosu. “Rock cleaning” involves removing organisms such as barnacles that live on intertidal rocks before the time of seaweed spore release so that desirable seaweeds can attach. The FIRA South Seas Headquarters has cleaned 37 ha of shoreline in five areas over the past three years. This year, rock cleaning was conducted with fishermen to identify problems and difficulties in the field and included gear inspections and customized safety training to prevent accidents of participating fishermen before the work. The goal of the tidal rocky shore cleaning project is to enhance fishing income and recover fisheries by restoring high-value seaweed resources. Promoting the Korean Federation of Fisheries Seed Industry Associations A representative body to advocate for the development and profit of the domestic fisheries seed industry has been established. Korean Chapter CHAPTER REPORTS
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2019 7 CHAPTER REPORTS The Korean Federation of Fisheries Seed Industry Associations (tentative title, hereinafter referred to as the Federation of Associations) held a promoters’ meeting in July and decided to hold a foundational general meeting as soon as possible. It has been difficult for groups of individual seed varieties to manage the overall fisheries seed industry. Five members were elected for the promoting committee, including the Korea Fishery Seed Association (Mr. Wan-gyu Park, President), the Korean Trout Culture Association (Mr. Ju-hyung Park, Past-president), the Korea Laver Seed Producers’ Association (Mr. Jae-young Lee, President), Korean Sea Cucumber Association (Mr. Beom-cheol Kim, President), and Koran Abalone Seed Association (President). Mr. Wan-gyu Park was elected as chairperson. The committee will promote the establishment of the Association under the Fisheries Seed Industry Promotion Act,and plans to produce and disseminate marine fish, shellfish, algae, inland and other aquaculture species to its members. An operational plan will be developed during the foundational general meeting in consultation with the promotion committee. Reducing Body Fat with Gelidium The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) and the Korean Institute of Marine Science and Technology announced that Gelidium as a health/functional food material to reduce body fat has been developed through the Seafood Industry Technology Development Project. The MOF has been pushing forward with the project to develop raw materials that can improve human health by utilizing fisheries products. The research team proved the effectiveness of the Gelidium extract in helping to reduce body fat. Gelidium extract reduces the synthesis and accumulation of fat by inhibiting the expression of major genes related to fat differentiation (PPAR-γ, C /EBP-α) and inhibits gene expression related to fat synthesis and accumulation. In addition, as a result of evaluating the safety of the material through human application testing, the product demonstrated clinically satisfactory safety and subjects showed improvement in body fat and weight loss after ingesting Gelidium extract. Certification of the functional ingredients for health/functional food (No. 2019-9, Gelidium extract) was obtained from the Korea Food and Drug Administration. The research team plans to develop and launch a health/functional food and launch the new product using Gelidium extract by 2020. The MOF expects the development of health/functional foods using Gelidium will increase the added value of domestic seaweeds and contribute to the improvement of public health. Low Risk of Colon Cancer by Seaweed Diet People who eat a lot of seaweed (kelp) have a low risk of colon cancer. Drs. Jimi Kim and Jeongseon Kim, a team of the National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy (NCC-GCSP) analyzed the effects of seaweed intake on the incidence of colorectal cancer in 923 colon cancer patients and 1,846 healthy control groups. The group with the highest intake had a 35 percent lower risk of colon cancer than the group with the least intake. By type of seaweeds, Dashima (Saccharina or Laminaria) and Miyeok (Undaria) reduced the risk of colon cancer by 42 percent and 18 percent, respectively. In the case of Kim (Pyropia or Porphyra), however, no effect was observed. Kim is a common seaweed, but it is usually eaten as a seasoned processed food, so it doesn’t seem to have the same beneficial effect as seaweeds or kelp. Seaweed intake also affects mutations (monopolymorphisms) of genes associated with colorectal cancer. The researchers found that. among the three genotypes of GG, GT, and TT expressed in colorectal cancer-associated mutations (rs6983267, rs7014346, and rs719725GG), TT genotypes have a 48 percent and 55 percent lower risk of colon cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively. In contrast, the GG and GT genotypes did not have this relationship. Seaweeds (Miyeok and Dashima) collected from the waters of Korea are rich in biologically active substances that enhance the antioxidant function of the body. Thus, human consumption of seaweeds is a preventative tool in the fight against colon cancer. The findings were published in the latest issue of the European Journal of Nutrition (Kim, J., Lee, J., Oh, J.H. et al. Eur J Nutr (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02046-w) The 2021 Wando International Seaweed Expo The 2021 Wando International Seaweed Expo will be held at Wando Port Seaside Park and Shinji Long-Beach for 24 days from April 16 to May 9, under the theme of “The Sea of Healing, the Future of Hope Opened by Seaweeds.” More than 30 countries will participate in this event, and exhibitions, hands-on events, expert consultations and academic conferences will be held. The 2021 Wando International Seaweed Expo is sponsored by the MOF and organized by Jeollanam-do and Wando-do. Previous seaweed expos were held in 2014 and 2017. The event has been an opportunity for Korea to demonstrate leadership in the global seaweed industry and has contributed to the promotion of domestic and international consumption of seaweeds, such as laver and kelps, and the growth of related industries. The MOF and Wando County highlighted the need and effect of promoting international events based on the international community’s interest in the domestic seaweed industry, including visits to local seaweed farms. Seaweed exports are breaking records every year. The 19th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF) The 19th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF) will be held in Busan, Republic of Korea, from May 31 to June 5, 2020. ISFNF is the premier international forum for researchers, academics and industry leaders concerned with the nutrition and feed of aquatic animals. Here, you will be able to discuss new technologies, techniques and topics within the aquaculture industry. Busan is the second largest city and a major international shipping hub and home to a renowned culinary scene, flourishing fishery industry, endless hiking trails and a vibrant night life. We invite you to ISFNF 2020 BUSAN and look forward to seeing you in 2020. — Jin-Hyung Yoo, President
8 SEPTEMBER 2019 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS As I write this column, LACC elections are still open, so there are no results to announce as yet. However, by the time the next issue of World Aquaculture arrives in your hands, we should have the names of our new President-elect, Treasurer and Director published on the LACC website. It will be an honor to welcome the new LACC Board members during our next meeting during LACQUA 2019 in San José, Costa Rica, when their term will begin. Meanwhile, the current Board of Directors keeps working to finalize arrangements for a successful conference in Costa Rica. There is still time to submit your abstracts and to register for LACQUA 2019. This is my last column as President of the LACC. My two-year term ends at LACQUA 2019 and I will have the great pleasure to welcome Laurence Massaut (currently President-elect) to take over as LACC President for the next two years. In November, it will also be time to say good-bye and to thank the work carried out by Daercy Ayrosa, who took good care of LACC finances as our Treasurer and to Adriana Muñoz Ramírez, who served as Director. I also would like to thank my dear friend Lorenzo Juarez, who will also retire from LACC Board, as his term as Past President also finishes during LACQUA 2019. It is not an easy task to be a Chapter President, but the work is really made easier when people around us are committed to improve the services offered by the chapter to our members. I must thank LACC Board of Directors for the good guidance during my term. Carolina Amezquita worked hard at the Secretariat and she made my life more comfortable taking good care of the daily tasks of a busy chapter; thank you for that. Special thanks also to John Cooksey, Mario Stael and their team for organizing LACC conferences. It’s a challenge to keep a conference financially viable and simultaneously deliver the best service to attendants. The WAS Home Office is also vital to LACC operations; thanks to Carol Mendoza and Judy Andrasko for the good job. Finally, I want to thank all members of LACC for contributing to the development of aquaculture in Latin America and the Caribbean. This is the main purpose of our chapter. — Luís André Sampaio, President Latin American and Caribbean Chapter U.S. AQUACULTURE SOCIETY Sponsored Publications Request for Proposals The USAS is seeking proposals for publications, including books, conference proceedings, fact sheets, pictorials, hatchery or production manuals, data compilations, and other materials that are important to U.S. aquaculture development and that will be of benefit to USAS members. Individuals wishing to have a project considered for funding by the USAS should prepare a proposal — guidelines are available on the website www.was.org. • CONDITIONS FOR PUBLICATION: The USAS Board of Directors will rate proposals and select projects for publication. The successful applicant will serve as co-author; however, depending on contribution to the publication, the applicant may not necessarily serve as chief or sole author. The USAS will cover general publication and distribution costs for one or more projects up to $5,000 each year. However, special consideration will be given to worthwhile projects that exceed this limit. No compensation will be provided to the authors for their time spent in writing the publication. The publication will be property of the USAS and will be sold through the WAS bookstore. • CONTACT: Dr. Ken Cain • PHONE: 208-885-7608 • EMAIL: kcain@uidaho.edu It is not an easy task to be a Chapter President, but the work is really made easier when people around us are committed to improve the services offered by the chapter to our members.
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2019 9 CHAPTER REPORTS This past quarter has been quite an eventful and momentous one for the African Chapter. I’m elated by the hard work and due diligence expressed by interim office bearers and advisors to take the Chapter to another level of progression. As a team, we managed to deliver on various planned programs and activities within our workplan. Firstly, the Chapter’s first permanent board was elected this August 2019. Our members were given the democratic right and opportunity to elect a board to take the Chapter forward. The process went smoothly, from nomination to actual balloting and was concluded in earnest on schedule, thanks to the constituted and effective Elections Committee and the WAS Home Office staff for getting the job done. We now have a permanent, elected Board of Directors! A big thank you to the Chapter membership for taking part in the voting. The new Board is comprised of: • President – Dr. Sherif Sadek (Egypt), former Interim President • President-elect – Dr. John Walakira (Uganda), former Interim President-elect • Secretary – Dr. Harrison Charo Karisa (Kenya, based in Egypt) • Treasurer – Dr. Bernice Mclean (South Africa) In addition, and in conformity to our bylaws, we also elected Regional Directors from the five regions of Africa and these are responsible for the management of Chapter business affairs in those respective regions. These are: • North Africa – Dr. Nevine Shabana (Egypt) • East Africa – Dr. Nelly Isyagi (Uganda) • West Africa – Mr. Lanre Badmus (Nigeria) • Central Africa – Dr. Francesca Delgado (Angola) • Southern Africa – Dr. Alexander Kefi (Zambia) As you can see, the new Board consists of officials from all the corners of Africa with various disciplines within aquaculture development. Most importantly, these are men and women “of influence” who have been involved in aquaculture development in Africa for awhile. Most have been members of WAS for awhile and have demonstrated passion to establish the Chapter ever since the call for establishment was made. I do certainly believe in this team and its competence to take the Chapter forward. Let’s rally behind them in all support to get things moving. This new Board will be officially inaugurated in South Africa this September. I would like to take a moment to especially thank the outgoing Interim Board members Ms. Zukiswa Nkhereanye (South Africa), Interim Secretary and Dr. Flower Msuya (Tanzania), Interim Treasurer, whom I worked with during the Interim Board tenure since July 2018. These two have demonstrated due passion and wisdom in support of decisionAfrican Chapter (CONTINUED ON PAGE 12) It is my pleasure to write this column as the 2019-2020 President of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society (WAS-APC). After four decades of employment and involvement in the global aquaculture arena, I am now honored to lead the WASAPC during the 2019-2020 period, continuing the strong foundation laid by my predecessors. I am also fortunate and blessed with a strong team of Directors, who have already taken responsibilities in different domains of the Chapter’s activities. The World Aquaculture Society has a long history and has been very active in Asia. Benefitting from large populations such as India and Indonesia, the WAS-APC has performed well, with massive conferences and meetings, bringing all parties together to discuss crucial aspects of aquaculture, particularly relevant to Asia and the Pacific. These discussions are paramount for maintaining Asia’s continued leadership in global aquaculture. Asia has accounted for about 89 percent of world aquaculture production for over two decades. Over the same period, Africa and the Americas have lifted their respective shares in world total production, while those of Europe and Oceania have dropped slightly. Among major producing countries, Egypt, Nigeria, Chile, India, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Bangladesh and Norway have strengthened their share in regional or world production to varying degree over the past two decades. China has gradually weakened its share in global production from 65 percent in 1995 to less than 62 percent in 2016. However, of the ten top aquaculture producers in the world, nine countries are in Asia. The contribution of aquaculture to food and nutrition security and social and economic development in Asia is clear. In 2014, 84 percent of the global population engaged in the fisheries and aquaculture sector was in Asia. More than 18 million (33 percent of all people employed in the sector) were engaged in fish farming, and 94 percent of all aquaculture engagement was in Asia. These statistics clearly indicate the important and increasing contribution of aquaculture to Asian regional food and nutrition security and socio-economic development. We have clear evidence to show how aquaculture contributes to better livelihoods by creating employment along the value chain, thus increasing income and providing a nutritious and affordable animal food source to the region, more importantly to much needed poor and vulnerable communities, including women and children. Aquaculture will continue to grow, expand and intensify in Asia. If the sector is to be sustainable, not only should Asian Pacific Chapter (CONTINUED ON PAGE 12)
10 SEPTEMBER 2019 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG The efforts to reinvigorate the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (JWAS) have been based primarily on recruiting and publishing papers that make a substantive contribution to the growth and development of aquaculture worldwide. The degree of impact on aquaculture, however, will also depend upon the effectiveness of approaches used to disseminate key results published in JWAS. How people communicate has changed dramatically in recent years. Scite Science Crunchers has partnered with JWAS to improve dissemination of research results published in JWAS. For a paper selected from each issue of Volume 50 (2019), Scite Science Crunchers is preparing an infographic (a graphical abstract) that describes the concept, the main results and the broader implications of the research. Authors review and approve each infographic prior to its use to disseminate JWAS research results more broadly. Although only three infographics have been produced thus far, it is clear that the infographics are engaging social media more effectively than are other methods. Analytics to date show up to a 50-fold increase in post-reach engagement when infographics were used on social media. The increased interest by our social media followers was also noted in the number of clicks and interactions, which often increased up to 10-fold. Thus, the use of infographics has had a positive effect on the Altmetric scores of JWAS articles. Scite Science Crunchers Partners with the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society to Enhance Visibility of the Science Published in JWAS Altmetric scores track the attention that research outputs receive online and are being tracked by publishing companies and other entities that calculate various metrics of the impact of a journal. The infographics published to date include: • Minardi, D., K.S. Bateman, A. Kuzdzal, M. Stone, J. Avant, R. Condliffe, P. Brotherton, M. Laverick, K. Sritunyalucksana, O. Itsathitphaisarn, P. Baoprasertkul, and G. D. Stentiford. 2019. Testing of a pondside molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp aquaculture. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 50(1):18-33. • Welch, A.W., A. N. Knapp, S. El Tourky, Z. Daughtery, G. Hitchcock, and D. Benetti. 2019. The nutrient footprint of a submergedcage offshore aquaculture facility located in the tropical Caribbean. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 50(2):299–316. • Johnston, B., D. Hine, P. Kishore, and P. C. Southgate. 2019. Cost–benefit analysis of two culture methods that influence pearl production from the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 50(3):510–521. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ jwas.12594 (CONTINUED ON PAGE 12)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2019 11 NEXT GENERATION AQUACULTURE June 8-12, 2020 Singapore EXPO Convention and Exhibition Centre The Annual International Conference & Exposition of World Aquaculture Society Hosted by Singapore Food Agency Conference Sponsors Temasek Polytechnic, Nanyang Technological University National University of Singapore, James Cook University Republic Polytechnic Associate Sponsors Aquaculture Engineering Society International Association of Aquaculture Economics & Management WorldFish 2020 World Aquaculture WAS Premier Sponsors INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY WILL FEED THE WORLD WA2020 Partner For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org | www.was.org WA20 was ad CMYK.indd 1 5/9/19 9:00 AM
12 SEPTEMBER 2019 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG making processes that have taken the Chapter to where it is today. They have both expressed interest to continue working in an advisory capacity in strengthening the Chapter. I salute both Zuki and Flower! And thank you African Chapter for entrusting me to substantively lead you for another term. Secondly, after so much negotiations and internal consultations, the Chapter’s inaugural Annual International Conference and Exposition (Aquaculture Africa Conference) slated for November 2020 in Egypt has finally been approved by the Egyptian authorities! We have dubbed this event AFRAQ2020. The event will be launched on 4 September 2019 at a planned special Steering Committee meeting in Cairo. The necessary Committees to undertake all planning formalities have been constituted. WAS Conference management is now working round the clock to get things organized in line with the way WAS does business with conferences. Soon after the launch, we shall do an extensive publicity and promotional drive as well as reaching out to partners, collaborators and sponsors. We will keep you updated. For this, I especially wish to thank the Egyptian government – particularly the Egyptian Security Agency and the General Authority for Fish Resources Development (GAFRD) – for approving the event. GAFRD will be the main hosting agency, supported by its collaborative partners, the Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), WorldFish and the Egyptian Aquaculture Society (EgAS). Some universities active in aquaculture research and development are already on board, including the University of Alexandria and Suez Canal University. Our Chapter Founding Gold Sponsor, Aller Aqua, has agreed to be AFRAQ2020 Gold Sponsor as well. Thank you AllerAqua! This is in addition to traditional WAS Premier Sponsors. We hope to rope in more international parties soon after the launch. Let’s now slate the dates of 7-10 November 2020 into our diaries for AFRAQ2020 in Alexandria, Egypt! Will update you with more information in the next column. So far so good for the African Chapter. Keep supporting us as we keep growing! — Sherif Sadek, Interim President environmental impacts be minimized and resource efficiency maximized, but also the benefits from aquaculture should be made equitable. It is paramount that both small-scale and large-scale aquafarmers and industrialists coexist, sharing profits and enjoying benefits. In a market economy world, this can only be achieved through better governance by enacting people-centered and poverty-addressing policies and regulatory frameworks. This is of course the responsibility of the state. WAS-APC is fully committed to support the countries in the region to achieve these goals. We will in the coming years look out for the opportunities for better engaging with regional states, with the view to provide the scientific basis for evidence-based decision making and policy development in the fisheries and aquaculture sector. We will use Asia Pacific Aquaculture (APA) conferences as our main vehicle for this. We will bring our valued scientific and academic community, positive and business community, farmers and cooperative community, and the states together for stronger dialogue over the coming years. Knowledge, experience and wisdom of our Board of Directors will provide the platform. — Rohana Subasinghe, President Africa Chapter, continued from page 9 Asian Pacific Chapter, continued from page 9 USAS Chapter, continued from page 5 goals for the future that will be complementary and productive. The USAS Student Committee is still developing the benefit and opportunities for sub-chapters and helping those schools develop their plans and bylaws that will help in establishing more chapters. The USAS Board of Directors has also committed to be a Gold Sponsor for the Virginia Aquaculture Association Conference and trade show. This is a prime example where student chapters benefit, as two students from established student sub-units will be supported to attend this conference and given the opportunity to network and make significant contacts within industry and education sectors. All said, it has been a very busy and productive six months, with more work to do to ensure that the future of US aquaculture continues to move in a positive direction. — Angela Caporelli, USAS President Scite Science, continued from page 10 The use of infographics is just one of many initiatives of the JWAS re-invigoration effort. Improving dissemination of important scientific results published in JWAS will help make the information more accessible to the aquaculture community worldwide. Keep up with future infographics and other initiatives of JWAS by following JWAS on Twitter (JWrldAquaSoc) and Facebook (JWrldAquaSoc). — Carole R. Engle, Executive Editor, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
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