A Bright Future for Sandfish Aquaculture VOLUME 44, NUMBER 1 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY MARCH2013 W RLD AQUACULTURE
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2013 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. Tel: +1-225-578-3137; Fax: +1-225-578-3493; e-mail: carolm@was.org. World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2012-2013 Dr. Michael Schwarz, President Dr. Kevan Main, Past President Dr. Rebecca Lochmann, Secretary Dr. William Daniels, Treasurer DIRECTORS Dr. Jimmy Avery Dr. Juan Pablo Lazo Dr. Luís André Sampaio Dr. Sandra E. Shumway Dr. Francisco Gomes Mr. Roy Palmer CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Lukas Manomaitis, Asian Pacific Kevin Hopkins, USAS Antonio Garza de Yta, Latin America and Caribbean Ik-Kyo Chung, Korea HOME OFFICE STAFF Carol Mendoza, Director, carolm@was.org Judy E. Andrasko, Assistant Director, JudyA@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF John Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 Tel: +1-760-751-5005; Fax: +1-760-751-5003 e-mail: worldaqua@aol.com MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPONDENCE: Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to Mary Nickum, Editor, World Aquaculture magazine. E-mail: mjnickum@gmail.com. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief, John Hargreaves at jhargreaves01@was.org. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN Number 1041-5602) is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. Library subscriptions are $50 annually for United States addresses, and $65 annually for addresses outside the United States. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $65; Corporations (for-profit), $255; Sustaining, $105 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals), $1,100; E-Membership, $10 (no publications, meeting discounts and not an active member in last five years). Periodicals Postage paid at Baton Rouge, Louisiana and additional mailing offices. Twenty-five percent of dues is designated for a subscription to World Aquaculture magazine. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the World Aquaculture Society, 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA. ©2012, The World Aquaculture Society. ■ W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 44 NO. 1 MARCH 2013 Cover: Sam, from Limanak Island, New Ireland province, Papua New Guinea, holding a cultured juvenile sandfish about to be released for growth trials in an Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) sea-ranching project. Photo: C. Hair. 12 Improving Rural Livelihoods in South Africa through Pond Aquaculture Integrated with Crop Irrigation Jacky Phosa 18 A Bright Future for Sandfish Aquaculture Georgina Robinson 28 An Organic Future for Bangladeshi Shrimp? Loni Hensler and Scott Bremer 38 Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in Freshwater Prawn Farming Communities in Bangladesh Nesar Ahmed 44 Spawning and Larval Rearing of Marine Ornamental Fishes in Brackishwater in India: Opportunities and Challenges T.T. Ajith Kumar and V. Gunasundari 50 A Sustainability Analysis Method Applied to Cage Aquaculture in the Aegean Sea Michael Chatziefstathiou and Ioannis Spilanis 56 Can the Blue Revolution with Shrimp in Saudi Arabia Cross the Disease Chasm? M.R. Kitto 60 Immunoprophylaxis in Biosecurity Programs Roar Gudding, Atle Lillehaug and Saraya Tavornpanich 64 The Effects of Dietary Rosemary on the Chemical Composition of Rainbow Trout Ferhat Çagiltay, Nuray Erkan, Arif Selçuk, Özkan Özden 66 Dietary Sesame Improves Reproductive Performance of Male African Catfish Adekunle Ayokanmi Dada (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2) ˘
2 MARCH 2013 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG President’s Column This is my last column as President of the World Aquaculture Society. I want to take this opportunity to thank our Executive Director, John Cooksey, Carol Mendoza and Judy Andrasko in the Home Office, our outstanding Board of Directors, and many of our Past Presidents for their advice, support and efforts this year. I especially want to thank Ricardo Martino who will complete his term as Immediate Past President at Aquaculture 2013 in Nashville – his service, leadership and dedication to growing WAS membership in Brazil and around the globe have been an important contribution to the Society. I also thank Yoram Avnimelech and David Little for their service to WAS over the past three years. Yoram’s efforts to promote and expand membership in under-represented countries (especially India) and David’s efforts to identify new types of services for our membership are to be commended. In January, we completed the election for Treasurer and two new Board members who will take office at our annual meeting in Nashville. I congratulate Bill Daniels from Auburn University, who was reelected as Treasurer for a 2-year term, and our two new Directors, Roy Palmer from Seafood Experience Australia and Francisco Gomes from Novus Aquaculture, who will each serve a 3-year term on the WAS Board. Unfortunately, during the election one of the candidates for President-Elect, Dr. Mudnakudu Nandeesha, suffered a massive heart attack and due to complications, passed away in December. The other candidate declined to accept the President-Elect position because of the situation. As a result, the Board of Directors charged the Elections Committee to call for nominations and hold a special election for President-Elect of WAS. We have already received some excellent nominations and our goal is to complete the special election and install the new President-Elect by May 1, 2013. So, watch your e-mail for the Special Election Ballot and be sure to participate in this important election. The World Aquaculture Society and the Society of Aquaculture Professionals (SAP) have been exploring opportunities to expand membership and services in India for a number of years. WAS has had a long-standing Affiliation Agreement with the SAP, and has through the Asian Pacific Chapter (WASAPC) organized a conference, which was held in Kochi, India in 2011. WAS has sponsored two trips for the Chairman of the WAS Promotions and Membership Committee (Dr. Y. Avnimelech) to travel to India to meet with delegates from SAP and other society representatives to explore opportunities for expanded interactions between WAS and professional aquaculturists in India. The WAS-APC has established an Executive Advisory Council that includes two representatives from India and a Country Ambassador program for each country within its region. The Country Ambassador for India has not yet been appointed. In December 2012, I traveled to Mumbai and Mangalore, India to give presentations at the Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) and at the Global Symposium on Aquatic Resources for Eradicating Hunger & Malnutrition — Opportunities and Challenges. Other WAS leaders traveled to this symposium and participated in meetings with our colleagues from SAP, CIFE, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA), and the Inland Fisheries Society of India (IFSI). In Nashville, our Board will review the recommendations from our Promotions and Membership Committee and determine the next steps to engage our colleagues and expand WAS membership in India. At the invitation of Dr. Nandeesha, Chairman of Asian Fisheries Society (AFS) Indian Branch and WAS Fellow, I attended the Global Symposium on Aquatic Resources for Eradicating Hunger & Malnutrition – Opportunities and Challenges, which took place in Mangalore, India from December 4-6 and presented a paper on Obesity and Hunger in America: Opportunities and Challenges for Aquaculture. Unfortunately a few days before the meeting, Dr. Nandeesha suffered a major heart attack and was hospitalized in Chennai. The program included with four keynote addresses by leaders in aquaculture and fisheries, such as Dr. Meryl Williams, formerly of the WorldFish Centre in Australia, Mr. Jiansan Jia from FAO, Dr. Shakuntala Thilsted from the WorldFish Centre in Bangladesh and Mr. Roy Palmer from Seafood Experience in Australia. Topics ranged from gender bias in aquaculture, fisheries (CONTINUED ON PAGE 72) Society 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 USAS President’s Report 4 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter President’s Report 5 Korean Chapter News 6 Asian Pacific Chapter Update 7 In Memoriam 69 Calendar 72 Advertisers’ Index 72 Membership Application Contents (continued)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2013 3 Editor’s Note I regret to report two recent instances of plagiarism involving the magazine. In one case, the plagiarism was detected prior to publication but in the other case, the plagiarism was regrettably detected only after publication. The first case was extremely egregious and fit the classic definition of plagiarism as passing off the words of another as one’s own. The submitting authors simply replaced the names of the original authors with their own while making no changes whatsoever to the original paper. In the second case, the authors copied substantial sections from a peer-reviewed paper published in Aquaculture without any attribution or acknowledgement of the original source. I particularly regret not catching plagiarism in the article that was published because I am well-versed in the subject matter (biofloc technology) and consider myself familiar with the pertinent literature. In both cases the authors were contacted and attempts were made to reach officials of the institutional affiliations provided by the authors. Responses so far, indicating a course of disciplinary action, have been less than satisfactory. I have also taken steps to warn other magazine editors about the offending authors. The authors of the two articles have been prohibited from submitting future manuscripts for publication in World Aquaculture magazine. After lengthy consideration and with great reservation, I have decided not to formally retract the article published in the magazine. In the case of peer-reviewed literature, this is an obvious course of action. Given that the magazine is not peer reviewed and considered gray literature, the article will stand. I am concerned that potential contributing authors perceive that World Aquaculture is “only” a magazine (not a peer-reviewed journal) and thus relax their standards of integrity. It is not clear how widespread plagiarism is with articles submitted to the magazine but I would like to believe that they are isolated incidents. Nonetheless, it is clear that the magazine staff is obliged to increase scrutiny of manuscripts and maintain a vigilant posture, without turning into the “plagiarism police.” I have taken these instances of plagiarism personally and feel anger and antipathy toward the authors for “testing” me. I also consider this to be a disgraceful attack on our institution – the World Aquaculture Society. I find it perplexing that young scientists in this day and age consider such behavior acceptable or that the reward for plagiarizing is worth the risk of getting caught. I understand and empathize with the pressures placed on scientists to advance their careers in a competitive academic climate, particularly in developing countries, but this does not excuse unethical behavior. Although the detected incidents of plagiarism represent a personal failure and a serious breach of academic integrity on the part of the authors, it also represents a lack of mentorship and a failure of affiliated institutions. Clearly the culture of academia and professional aquaculture needs to change so that there is zero tolerance for plagiarism. It is only when the academic culture breaks this cycle and considers such behavior unethical that a community of scientists with integrity will advance our field. Beyond dishonesty, plagiarism suggests a certain laziness and lack of critical and original thinking. It’s not just using someone else’s words, but also their ideas. It also suggests that the way scientific writing is taught is ineffective. Often there are too few opportunities to edit and revise manuscripts in academic writing assignments. Institutions are encouraged to develop a set of best practices for scientific writing to avoid incidents of plagiarism or other ethical breaches. Institutions can also develop codes of conduct or guidelines to explicitly indicate expectations of individuals writing on behalf of their affiliated institution. Plagiarism and other ethical misconduct must be handled forthrightly and address root causes in each case. More broadly, there is a need to raise the level of importance of ethics training to put it on par with technical training. The World Aquaculture Society, its chapters and affiliates, and other professional aquaculture organizations can play a key role in fostering a culture of academic integrity and professionalism. The responsibility for ethical behavior is shared among students, mentors, and institutional administrators. Responsible aquaculture includes responsible professionals. Potential contributors to World Aquaculture magazine are encouraged to consult various online sources for clarification of how to document sources appropriately and avoid plagiarism. — John A. Hargreaves, Editor-in-Chief Plagiarism at World Aquaculture Lwin Wins Best Paper Award To entice contributions of high-quality articles describing original work, the WAS Board of Directors has committed to support a “best paper” award for articles published in World Aquaculture magazine. The WAS Awards Committee concurs that the article written by May Myat Noe Lwin will receive the award as the best paper of those published in the four issues of 2012. The article, written with the assistance of Dave Conley, appeared in the September issue and is entitled “My Personal Experience as a Burmese Woman Farmer and Entrepreneur in the Aquaculture Industry in Thailand.” Noe Noe (as she is known) will receive a cash prize for relating her compelling personal story. Potential contributors should take note that this award will be ongoing and made annually.
4 MARCH 2013 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG In my final column as President of the United States Aquaculture Society, I ask that you think about the mission of the USAS and consider service to the Society in the future. The mission of the USAS is to provide a national forum for the timely exchange of information within the aquaculture community. To accomplish this mission, the U.S. Chapter sponsors and convenes workshops and meetings, fosters educational opportunities and disseminates aquaculture-related materials important to U.S. aquaculture development. To achieve these objectives requires an engaged membership and good leadership. We are fortunate to have dedicated and hard-working members who provide their time and talent to further the advancement of aquaculture in the United Sates. An engaged membership is the essence of any society. USAS President’s Report If you are interested, there are numerous opportunities available for service. The activities of the USAS are conducted through standing and ad hoc committees. The standing committees are chaired by the officers and executive board members, but may also include members of USAS in good standing. Ad hoc committees are established and disbanded as needed to address specific items as deemed appropriate to achieve USAS objectives. Service to the organization that represents the broad spectrum of those engaged in aquaculture— including academia, government, industry, and education— and is a fulfilling experience that satisfies a need within us to be involved and to demonstrate concern about the future sustainability of U.S. aquaculture. — Gary Fornshell, President Latin American and Caribbean Chapter President’s Report It is my pleasure to introduce two new members of the LACC Board of Directors: Dr. Antonio Garza de Yta (General Manager of CRM-Aquaculture Global, Mexico) and Dr. Marcelo Shei (CEO of Preamar Aquaculture and Aquatic Systems, Brazil), recently elected President-Elect and Director, respectively. Marcelo served the LACC previously as student delegate and was a very active collaborator. Antonio is just joining us now but has already demonstrated his enthusiasm to develop the Chapter’s activities. Both are welcomed to the LACC Board! The LACC Board of Directors proposed several changes to the bylaws and these were ratified by the membership during the election in November 2012. I would like to thank LACC members for their participation in the election and ratifying the changes. The new bylaws can be accessed at www.was.org/lacc/ estatutos.html. For several reasons related to the organization of elections, the term of the current Board of Directors was extended by almost one year. Although it was an unexpected and uncomfortable situation, we took the opportunity to make changes to the bylaws, ultimately extending the terms of officers for two years, following the approach adopted by other WAS chapters. We believe that one year is a very short time to perform a good job. Furthermore, the election process is time consuming, especially in our region, where communication among members is not always quick and efficient. New officers will now have two years to continue strengthening aquaculture in the LAC region and to develop the Chapter’s activities and strategies. The concept of Country Ambassador still needs to be implemented as well as a more aggressive plan to attract new members. Although we have made progress, we still need to conduct another election to renew other positions on the Board. Our Past-President, Juan Pablo Lazo, is now contacting the membership and calling for nominations for President-Elect, Secretary, Treasurer and one Director. I hope that all LACC members will actively participate in the process, presenting their nominations and voting. This is my final President’s column and I would like to highlight the main activities of my term. Other than two elections, the LACC provided support for several national and international events and are committed to co-sponsor others in the region in the future. Mario Stael and John Cooksey are working with the Board to organize future LACC meetings, now named LACQUA, and represented by a new logo. Mario and Antonio Garza were recently in Colombia negotiating LACQUA 2013 as a joint meeting with the Fourth Latin American Conference on Native Fish Species. We have plans to rotate the event and hold it with partners in Brazil (2014), Ecuador (2015), Mexico (2016), Peru (2017), and Chile (2018). If you are organizing an event on aquaculture in the region, please contact us and we will gladly give our support to co-organize or disseminate the information. On a frustrating note, the 2013 LACC meeting that was planned in conjunction with the International Symposium of Mariculture (SIM 2013) in Rio de Janeiro was cancelled. The organizers of the symposium faced several difficulties in leveraging funds in Brazil and cancelled the event, at least temporarily. The funds received from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq/Brazil to partially support SIM 2013 were returned. Therefore, the next LACC meeting will probably take place in Colombia. When we (CONTINUED ON PAGE 16)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2013 5 Korean Chapter News The 2012 Joint Conference of the Fishery Sciences Association of Korea (FSAK) was held on 16 December in Busan. Dr. Doh-Yeon Kim (Chairman, National Science & Technology Commission), Mr. Jae Hak Son (President, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute), and Prof. Kwang-Sik Choi (Chairperson, FSAK, Past President of WAS-KC) welcomed participants. A full-day conference was led by the first keynote lecture entitled “Current status and perspectives of climate change in the Korean Peninsula,” given by Dr. Won-Tae Kwon (General Director, National Institute of Meteorological Research) and the second lecture entitled “Jellyfish bloom dynamics in Korea,” given by Dr. Won-Duk Yoon (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute). Three scientific sessions took place and 27 talks and 137 posters were presented. During this event the Second Korean-Japan Joint Symposium for Fisheries Science was also held. Prof. Sungchul C. Bai (Pukyong National University, Immediate Past President of WAS-KC, Past-President of WAS) was elected for a one-year term as President of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (KOSFAS) during the KOSFAS annual conference and business meeting on November 15 in Busan. Several WAS-KC members joined as officers of the KOSFAS. Prof. Seok Joong Kang (Gyeongsang National University, BOD of WAS-KC) serves as the Executive SecretaryGeneral, Prof. Ik Kyo Chung (Pusan National University, President of WAS-KC) as the International Cooperation Secretary and the Chairperson of the International Cooperation Committee. Prof. Kwang Sik Choi (Jeju National University, Past President of WAS-KC) is in charge of the Public Relations Committee. The Second Aquaculture Industry Job Fair, with the theme “Let’s be the world leader in the aquaculture industry,” was held on 15 November 2012. It was organized by Aquainfo (www.aquainfo.co.kr) and sponsored by Busan Metro City and BEXCO. About 160 undergraduate and graduate students from six universities participated in the event and shared information. There was substantial recruitment, onsite interviews, and exchange of information among job seekers, fisheries businesses and industries. This activity helped to establish a cornerstone for the future aquaculture industry in Korea. The 10th Japan-Korea Joint Symposium on Aquaculture 2012 was held on December 8-9 at Nagasaki University, Nagasaki Japan. The symposium was co-chaired by Prof. Kiyoshi Soyano (Nagasaki University, Japan) and Prof. SeokJung Kang (Gyeongsang National University, Korea). About fifty Korean delegates and families attended. Four keynote speeches were given by Prof. Nam-Gil Kim (Gyeongsang National University, Korea), Prof. Emeritus Akinori Hino (University of Tokyo, Japan), Prof. Sang-Duk Choi (Chonnam National University, Korea), and Dr. Akihiko Fujii (Nagasaki Pref. Inst. Fish., Japan). There were also 23 oral and 34 poster presentations by scientists from both countries. A special evening event was the banquet at Mount Inasa (Inasayama), one of the most popular local attractions, with a spectacular night view from the summit. All participants had a very good time at the restaurant located at the top of Inasayama. An OECD workshop (Green Growth and Aquaculture Workshop: Balancing Growth with Environmental Sustainability) was held on 12-13 December 2012 at the Ocean Resort Hotel, Yeosu, Korea. This workshop planned to explore ways of mutual cooperation between developed countries as importers and developing countries as exporters to discuss the problems of the global aquaculture. This event was organized by the Fisheries Policies Division, OECD and the Korean Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFAFF) and supported by Jolla-Namdo Province. About 50 participants from seven OECD member countries, seven major aquaculture producer developing countries (Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Philippine, China, and Bahrain), five international organizations (OCED, FAO, Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific (NACA), the Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA), and the International Fishmeal and Fish Oil Organization (IFFO) and the Korean MIFAFF, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Korea Maritime Institute (KMI), and academics. There were three keynote speeches delivered by CarlChristian Schmidt (Head of Fisheries Policies Division, OECD) and Mr. Dong Sik Woo (Project Manager, Fisheries Polices Division, OECD) on “Aquaculture and Green Growth: What Does it Take?,” Ambekar E. Eknath (Director General, NACA) on “Aquaculture in Asia-Pacific region: Issues and Challenges to Sustain Aquaculture Production in Asia - Balancing Growth with Environmental Sustainability,” and Mr. Shin-Chun Park (Director of Aquaculture Industry Division, MIFAFF, Korea) on “Overview of Korea’s Green Growth of Aquaculture.” There were three workshop sessions on “Dealing with Feed Challenges and Aquaculture Production Externalities,” chaired by Philippe Ferlin (Chair, Fisheries Committee, OECD), “The Governance Challenge for Further Growth,” chaired by Dr. Eknath and “Dealing with Externalities Impacting on the Aquaculture Sector,” chaired by Martin Bryde (Deputy Director General, Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Norway). The final discussion was organized by Dr. Schmidt about “The Way Forward: Reconciling Economic Imperatives for Growth with Environmental Concerns.” More details, including workshop presentations, can be found at english.mifaff.go.kr/. The fourth meeting of the Executive Committee for World Aquaculture 2015, chaired by Prof. Jeong Yeol Lee, was held on January 30 at the Office of the Jeju Special Self-governing Province (JSSP). During the meeting, Prof. Jeong Yeol Lee, Prof. Sungchul Charles Bai, and Prof. Bo Young Jeong (Past President of the KOSFAS) were made honorary citizens of JSSP and received certificates. The JSSP Council recognized their effort (CONTINUED ON PAGE 16)
6 MARCH 2013 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Asian Pacific Chapter Update In terms of events, things have been calmer since the last APC report. However, plenty of things continue to happen behind the scenes and 2013 should be a banner year for the APC. As many of you know Dr. M.C. Nandeesha, a long-time supporter of WAS, a member of the APC and an active member of the aquaculture community passed away after an unexpected and sudden illness. Nandeesha (as many knew him) was also a strong supporter of aquaculture in India and in particular supported a focus on those in the industry that lacked access to capital and expertise but had a strong interest in aquaculture, perhaps exemplified by his work with Aquaculture without Frontiers. His enthusiasm and dedication to the industry will be sorely missed. On a happier note, in the recent WAS elections we had three Chapter members and strong supporters of WAS in general either elected or reelected to the WAS Board. Roy Palmer, Immediate PastPresident of the APC (and one of the most active and involved members of your APC Board) was elected as a Director of the WAS Board and we look forward to his active participation on the Board for the betterment of the Society. Francisco Gomes, of Novus, has also been elected as a Director, and we look forward to his voice as a representative from the commercial side to have a positive impact on the expected new directions of the Society. William Daniels was reelected as WAS Treasurer and therefore we expect to remain a strong society financially. A reminder to all who are interested, the APC Board will have many positions up for election before the next regional conference in December 2013. Now is the time to register your interest in running for a position in our dynamic chapter. Also, consider volunteering some time before getting nominated to get a better sense of APC activities. The APC has quite a few exciting events coming up. The first Arid Land Aquaculture Symposium will be held at United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, UAE from 24-25 March 2013 with workshops and tours planned on 26 and 27 March. Dr. Imad Saoud, as the program manager and APC Executive Advisory Council (EAC) member for the Middle East Region, has been working hard to gather speakers for this event and will speak himself. (He was also recently featured in a TED talk “More Crop Per Drop,” worth a view on YouTube. Links can be found on the APC Facebook page.) You can register for this event and/or the workshops on the WAS website (www.was.org). If you have an interest in aquaculture in arid areas, particularly in North Africa, the Middle East and Australia, then this symposium will be valuable to you. We hope this event will be the start of a strong membership drive to increase WAS and WAS APC membership in the region. The event will feature reports from the major production areas, the environmental benefits of arid land aquaculture, multi-industry integration topics, the benefits on food security and population health, and phytoplankton and biofuel production. Email us at apcwas@was.org if you have any questions. We recently confirmed a Biofloc Workshop from September 27-28 in Singapore, headlined by a world-renowned expert on the topic, Dr. Yoram Avnimelech. This will be done in cooperation with Temasek Polytechnic and is being organized by Jimmy Lim, who is also one of the APC Executive Advisory Council members for the Southeast Asia region. Plans are ongoing for a High Value Marine Finfish Aquaculture Symposium in cooperation with Professor Koshio Shunsuke (who is the APC EAC representative for Japan) and Kagoshima Fisheries University. This event will be held in conjunction with the Kagoshima Sushi Festival on 16 October 2013 and a highlight will be ‘Aquaculture Sushi 101,’ a half-day workshop to emphasize aquaculture’s link to sushi. The two-day symposium will be followed by field trips. This symposium is also being held in recognition of the importance of the recent merger between the APC and Japan Chapters. The Japan event will be a precursor for the Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2013 (APA2013) meeting in Ho Chi Minh City in 10-13 December 2013 - “Positioning for Profit.” Now is the time to submit abstracts and if you are interested in doing more, particularly co-chairing a session, please contact Wayne O’Connor though the APC email address. We are also planning to create a summary publication that will feature expanded discussions of key abstract submissions that link to the theme. The publication will be prepared prior to the conference and available for purchase at the event itself. This is why it is important that you submit your abstracts as soon as possible so our APC Publications committee (led by Zuridah Merican) can contact you if they judge that you have a topic worthy of inclusion in this publication. ABOVE: APC President Lukas Manomaitis and President-Elect Amrit Bart at Dominion Farms in Saiya, Kenya through a Farmer-to-Farmer program run by the University of Arizona in December 2012. Our team travelled to help the tilapia industry improve in Kenya. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 16)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2013 7 In Memoriam Dr. M.C. Nandeesha, Special Officer, Vice-Chancellor designate, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, and Chairman of the Asian Fisheries Society Indian Branch and AFS Council Member, passed away on 27 December 2012 after suffering a heart attack and a month-long struggle for life in the critical care unit of Apollo Hospital, Chennai. He was an extraordinary man with a vision and a mission. When I think of him, I recall the words of Pierre de Coubertin: “The most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.” He lived a life fighting for what he believed is right and just. Nandeesha was born on 1 July 1957 in Mudanakude, a village near Mysore, Karnataka, into a rural farming family. After spending his early education in the village, he joined the College of Fisheries, Mangalore in 1976 to pursue professional fisheries education. He graduated in 1980 with a B.F.S., earned his M.S. in Fisheries in 1982, and then joined the Agriculture College, Dharwad, as a research assistant in fisheries. He moved over to the College of Fisheries, Mangalore as Assistant Professor in 1985. During 1987-1992 he carried out off-campus research on fish nutrition and earned a Ph.D. from Visva-Bharati University, Santhiniketan, West Bengal. From 1992 to 1997, he served as Fisheries Adviser for PADEK in Cambodia. In 1997, he returned to Mangalore and was appointed Associate Professor. He joined LIFE under CARE in Bangladesh in 1998 and served as Research and Dissemination Adviser until 2000 when he was elevated to Project Coordinator in GOLDA under CARE in Bangladesh. In 2001 he joined the College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Tripura as Professor of Aquaculture. In 2010, he was selected as Dean of the Fisheries College and Research Institute at Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu and subsequently in March 2012 as Special Officer of the newly formed Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam. During his tenure as Dean, he initiated international partnership research programs with three universities in the USA, two in Europe and three in Asia, in addition to facilitating many exchange visits. He also organized an expert consultation on fisheries education in India in 2011 by bringing together representatives of all fisheries colleges in India on a single platform to interact with 20 international experts. This consultation identified the M.C. Nandeesha (1957-2012) challenges facing fisheries education in the country and developed a detailed plan that was submitted to the Government of India for incorporation into the Twelfth Plan. Another output was the concept of providing support for the development of experiential learning programs in the fisheries sector which was accepted by the ICAR by including two fisheries modules. In November 2012 he was selected as the first Vice-Chancellor of this newly formed university, a position he could not take up because he was hospitalized and did not recover. During a career spanning more than 29 years, his contributions as a development researcher and innovative aquaculture development worker through numerous honorary positions earned him much appreciation and reputation. He served two terms as Secretary of the Indian Branch of the Asian Fisheries Society, worked in various capacities for the FAO, CARITAS, JICA, World Bank, NACA, CARE, IDRC, PADEK, NOVIB, and CIDSE in many south east Asian countries. At the time of his untimely death, he was serving as Chairman of the Indian Branch of Asian Fisheries Society, Council Member of AFS, Team Member of Global Initiative for Life and Leadership through Aquaculture (GILLS), Chair of Aquaculture without Frontiers, and Member of the Oversight Committee of Best Aquaculture Practices of the Global Aquaculture Alliance. The most sustaining contribution Nandeesha made was establishing the Indian Branch of the Asian Fisheries Society along with Prof. H.P.C. Shetty in 1986. The First Indian Fisheries Forum was held in Mangalore in 1987 and since then I have been actively involved with him in establishing the AFSIB on strong footing. His pioneering work in field testing Ovaprim in India under various agro-climatic conditions opened up new vistas in freshwater fish breeding in India. His significant scientific contributions include simplified breeding technology for cyprinids, development of feeds and feeding techniques appropriate to rural aquaculture, development of small-scale aquaculture and fish seed production techniques appropriate to Cambodia and its potential in poverty alleviation, farmer participatory research as a tool to improve fish productivity in rural Bangladesh, demonstration of the benefits of rice-fish farming in eliminating the use of pesticides, development of prophylaxis and treatment procedures for the control of EUS (CONTINUED ON PAGE 8)
8 MARCH 2013 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome) through farmer participatory research, development of aquaculture strategies to reduce the risk of small farmers involved in freshwater prawn farming through diversification in Bangladesh, participatory monitoring and evaluation techniques suitable for aquaculture, development of approaches for addressing gender issues and mainstreaming of gender in fisheries and aquaculture, and significant contributions for the development of human resource and institutions in India and developing south Asian countries. He was an extraordinary person who could think beyond, dream big and motivate people. He was full of energy and ideas and a great driving force and go-getter. Nothing was impossible for him. He had many critics who could not appreciate his style of thinking and working, but that did not deter him from moving forward. Nobody could ignore his commitment and sincerity. Every inch he thought, dreamt, lived fisheries. Until the last breath he had only fisheries on his mind. The numerous seminars, symposia, workshops, and publications of the AFSIB stand testimony to his hard work and commitment. The recently concluded global symposium in Mangalore, during the Silver Jubilee celebrations of AFSIB, was his brainchild. At 11 pm on the night before he fell ill, he called me to discuss arrangements. Even from the ICU in Apollo Hospital, Chennai, he was monitoring, motivating and tying up loose ends for the successful conduct of the symposium. His vision of getting Indian fisheries and aquaculture the rightful position in the national fabric remains unfulfilled and it is for all of us to continue to strive for this ultimate objective. He was a human dynamo, burning himself for the cause of grassroots-level fisheries development. There could be many researchers and development workers, but there will not be another Nandeesha. He was unique. Dr. Nandeesha is survived by his wife Dr. Rajeswari Dayal who was his back office, shouldering all his professional office work, documentation and management, and a son Aditya, who is just ten years old. The fisheries and aquaculture sector lost an extraordinary person. He taught us that the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. He showed us that what is important is not how long we live, but how we live. His life has been an inspiration to all those who believed that tomorrow will be brighter and warmer. He made us dream big, think beyond. His life and thoughts will continue to inspire all of us. I recall what George Patton Jr. said: “It is foolish and wrong to mourn the men who died. Rather we should thank God that such men lived.” Prof. Dr. Mohan Joseph Modayil Kochi, Kerala, India Nandeesha is like a younger brother to me. He worked in India at the beginning of his illustrious career in aquaculture and excelled in aquaculture extension work. Much of his international contributions came later. When I was working for FAO/NACA in Bangkok, Nandeesha was very actively involved in aquaculture development work in Southeast Asia, especially Cambodia. We later came together in Bangladesh, where we saw the depths of agony of poor rural folk with their small ponds struggling to raise fish to meet their widening need for food and nutrition. Nandeesha was one of those actively involved in helping to improve their lot through improved farming methods. Nandeesha played an active role in spreading the cause of rural, small-scale aquafarming, which dominates in much of Asia. The lessons of sustainable development in aquaculture came to prominence much later. Nandeesha did commendable work in this area and endeared one and all in the profession – the small farmers gained considerably in such occasions led by Nandeesha. Returning to India, Nandeesha joined the Tamil Nadu Veterinary Animal Sciences University at Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu as its Dean, Fisheries College & Research Institute, an institution which had also played a role in my life, for I was in the same position in its founding stage. Later in our lives we met often outside India at WAS and lately Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) meetings. His role as a Director on the WAS Board and also AwF gave him also good opportunities to spread his message of rural aquaculture development to help the poor and lowly. I find it difficult to envisage an aquaculture meeting of experts and friends without the familiar cheerful and warm participation of Nandeesha. He always looked beaming with a broad smile and cheer in his face in the midst of old and new friends, talking very meaningfully about the global aquaculture scenario and his seemingly humble role in it. We would all surely miss Nandeesha ever and everywhere. M. N. Kutty “Prasadam”, Puthur Palakkad, Kerala, India Strange are the ways of life. It becomes so strange and arbitrary that I cannot find any reason why Dr. Nandeesha is not with us today. It was just a few days before he was admitted to hospital that he talked to me over phone, in his typical ‘persistent’ way, about the success of the recent conference he organized in Mangalore. It is difficult to find a person like Nandeesha who was such a committed advocate for aquaculture. While he was still experimenting with how aquaculture could benefit eradication of hunger, poverty and gender inequalities, his dynamism drew no boundaries, expanding all over the Indian subcontinent and beyond. As an able leader, Nandeesha believed in fruitful collaborations that could make a difference in achieving targeted goals. His vision as an academic head was to boost the potential of every student in his institution nurtured in a supportive academic environment. It was a rare honor for him to lead one of the first Fisheries Colleges in India as Dean, and the progress the College made under his leadership was phenomenal. He will ever be remembered for the pace with which he boosted the prestige of the College to a University within less than two years of his term, albeit the new Fisheries University was not fortunate enough to bloom under his patronage. In the 1980s my friendship with Nandeesha grew more intimate. When I started working on giant freshwater prawn at Kochi, he expressed his desire to associate with us for possible collaboration between the Kochi and Mangalore
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2013 9 groups. Regular communication channels were not as prevalent as they are today, and our interactions were mostly at meetings or seminars in different parts of India. Personally Nandeesha was a great supporter and motivator. This was mostly visible when we organized the first WAS meeting in India, the AsianPacific Aquaculture (APA 2011) at Kochi. It was not surprising that his talents were recognized worldwide in the form of several national and international awards. One of the most significant was the Sahameitrei Award from the Royal Government of Cambodia in 2008 for his commitment to fisheries development in that country. He also received the Prof. H.P.C. Shetty Award (2008), Best Teacher Award (2004-2007), Dr. K.C. Naik Award, AFS Gold Medal Award, several best paper awards, young scientist awards, among many others. Some of these awards also recognized his contributions to social development using aquaculture as a tool, and for development of human resources in fisheries sector. He was also a life member of the Indian Red Cross Society. His passion for the aquaculture profession and concern for those in the lower strata of the sector was mostly evident in his contributions as he worked mostly on development of smallscale aquaculture, farmer participatory approach as a tool for research and development, gender issues, and food security through aquaculture. His regular column in Aquaculture Asia magazine on farmer innovations in aquaculture was widely acclaimed. Development of human resources in aquaculture was his top priority all along. He systematically studied the manpower requirement for the fisheries sector in India and proposed many ideas to improve the academic and research capacity of Fisheries Colleges in the Country. He also founded the Professional Fisheries Graduates Forum (PFGF) of India as a flagship society to develop into a professionally committed academic group. The numerous seminars and conferences he organized were dedicated to his passion for the development of aquaculture technology, communities, and human resources in the fisheries sector. Nandeesha was a dynamic leader. He was extremely efficient in setting targets and getting his men exactly pulling themselves to their goals. In his eagerness to get things done, some might by annoyed by his persistent persuasion, but most of his associates equally enjoyed working with him. Being a self-made man, Nandeesha strongly believed in himself and strived hard to diligently follow his principles throughout his life. All along he was a staunch fighter and committed guardian of his values. Nothing stopped him from expressing what he believed in. His dynamism, foresight and commitment to perfection will endure in our minds for many years. He left many of his dreams unfulfilled and many of his admirers desperate. To many of the scientists of his age in India he was a great source of scientific and personal inspiration. Even though he is with us today no more, the legacy he left behind will remain immortal forever. C. Mohanakumaran Nair Pro Vice-Chancellor Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies Kochi, India “The key to immortality is living a life worth remembering,” a quote oft attributed to Jesus, St. Augustine, and Bruce Lee, is how I choose to honor the passing of my friend Nandeesha. We first met in the 1980s in Malang, Indonesia, in the highlands of East Java at a symposium sponsored by the Netherlands on small-scale aquaculture for the poor. We bonded quickly as friends and colleagues and then, for the next 20 years, across our very different cultures and backgrounds. Nandeesha reached out and held my hand at many events where we were together, and sometimes we would spend our entire time together at meetings holding hands and talking about the world, our lives, jobs, and sharing our pain about the injustices befalling the people of our world who had too little to eat. Imagine, me, a rich Westerner, but a person of a working class fishing family from Portuguese New England, holding hands all week with a man from India. On his passing I think now of all Nandeesha gave to me and thousands of others: the wonderful opportunity for cross-cultural learning. I was just so blessed to meet this man. Over the years it became the social-cultural aspects of our relationship that were so very special to me, and it became what I wanted when I saw him; to me he became what aquaculture is all about. It wasn’t the zooplankton we found so important (CONTINUED ON PAGE 10)
10 MARCH 2013 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG in those rice fields in West Java and West Bengal. People aren’t plankton. It was about the people of the places we loved. I grew to LOVE this man for everything he stood for, for all the good he taught me about his world, the amazing progress he made in Cambodia and elsewhere, and all the good he told me about India. I was blessed to visit there and experience the magic and mess of a place like Calcutta through his eyes. Nandeesha was a second Gandhi to me. When together we talked about what it was like to grow up poor in the East and the West and how people escape their upbringings. He didn’t know that there were poor people in the immigrant towns of America and I had no idea of what India and the billions of poor really had to endure. I honor the life of this man in so many ways. Nandeesha’s work in Asia was pioneering, exceptional, and formative. Cambodia gave Nandeesha the Sahameitrei Award in recognition of his outstanding contributions to developing sustainable small-scale aquaculture programs in 2008. As he became globally known, he became an ambassador for doing good things for the poor. Research never really impressed him nor did all of the mega-traveling he did for so many organizations. He only did that to earn money to give away to poor people doing aquaculture when he came back home to Asia. The travel did bring joy but too much stress to him and I was always concerned about him over this last decade whenever we met. My memory of my friend Nandeesha will be of an exceptional man who shared the view that aquaculture could help save the world. I grew to love Nandeesha as more than a friend. He became a mentor who always brought me back to reality. He grew into a wise man of deep insight who tried to do more than was humanly possible in one day, one month, and one year for the poor, rural families he loved. He wanted us to know it was important to save the poor from another day worse than his. It’s tough for me knowing that Nandeesha has passed, that we can’t hold hands anymore. He would want me/us not to dwell on his passing. He’d want us to hold hands more and, I can hear him saying, “Get to work for the world’s poor.” Barry Costa-Pierce University of New England Biddeford, Maine, USA It is with a very heavy heart that I write this brief tribute for Dr. M.C. Nandeesha, following his tragic and untimely demise. Nandeesha and I were colleagues and friends since we first met in the early 1990s in Cambodia, where he was working for an NGO to promote rural aquaculture. As we both work in Asian aquaculture, we had been in continual contact over the years, most recently in Tuticorin where he had been the Dean of Fisheries and had organized a meeting of all the deans of fisheries colleges in India to start the process of standardizing fisheries and aquaculture curricula throughout the country. Nandeesha had a highly productive career and especially so in promoting aquaculture for the disadvantaged poor households and women in Southeast and South Asia. He was a scholar, researcher, and educator as well as a development specialist with many years of grass-roots experience in the field in several countries. Nandeesha was a first-class ambassador for aquaculture in general and for WAS in particular, in which he had been very active, recently seeking the presidency. He had boundless energy and enthusiasm and was incredibly helpful to colleagues who sought specific knowledge or assistance, invariably responding to emails. We have lost one of our most cherished colleagues. Peter Edwards, Emeritus Professor Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok, Thailand The sad demise of my great friend Nandeesha (as he was always known to Westerners) is a great loss, both personally and for the not-for-profit organization Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) [www.aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org]. Nandeesha was a founding member of AwF in 2003 and was extremely active in its early field days, with his personal and particular involvement in our Bishramganj project in India and in our joint project with Caritas in Bangladesh. Typically generous, not only with his ‘free’ time but also financially, Nandeesha several times used funds earned through his consultancy work for other organizations to fund small AwF projects. Eventually he became the third chairman of AwF but I fear that he did so because he was never able to say the word ‘no.’ Nandeesha was active in so many other aquaculture fields
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