THE EFFECT OF PHYTOECDYSTEROID OF Cycas revolute Thumb, Portulaca oleracea AND Morus sp. IN MOLTING ACCELARATING OF TIGER SHRIMP Penaeus monodon
Artificial Insemination is one of alternatives to increase the egg fertilization which can be used to support tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon domestication. Nevertheless, the problem which has still been faced in the artificial insemination is the slow of shrimp to molt. Ecdysteroid hormone has been reported to stimulate molting of tiger shrimp. This study aims to isolate ecdysteroid hormone from Cycas revolute Thumb, Portulaca oleracea and Morus sp. and determine its effect in molting accelerating of tiger shrimp.
The dried plant leaves were separately ground to be powder and macerated by using ethanol 96 %. Ethanol extract obtained was solvent partitioned with n-hexane and ethanol 75 % to get n-hexane and ethanol extract. This ethanol extract was then solvent partitioned with chloroform: ethanol : water (1:1:1) to yield chloroform extract containing ecdysteroid. Ecdysteroid was purified by repeated column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). Identification of ecdysteroid was carried out by comparison of TLC profiling of ecdysteroid isolated to that of standard. Determination of the isolated ecdysteroid hormone effect of plants in stimulating molting of shrimp was done by injecting of 100 µL phyecdyasterod at the concentration of 27.5 µg/ind. at the first somite of ventral abdomen. Findings showed that pytoecdysteroid isolated was similar to the standard, Rf=0.58. The highest percentage of phytoecdysteroid was obtained in Portulaca oleracea, followed by Morus sp. and Cycas revolute Thumb with the ecdysteroid content of 0.43, 0.22 and 0.09 %, respectively.
Pytoecdysteroid isolated from the three plants was able to stimulate molting of shrimp as displayed in Table 1. Besides, the phytoecdysteroid isolated from the three plants shorten the molt cycle of tiger shrimp, they also increased the survival rate, growth and haemocyte count of shrimp (Table 2). From the results obtained, it could be summarized that Portulaca oleracea was the best ecdysteroid source in accelerate molting, resulted in the highest survival rate, the growth and haemocyte count of tiger shrimp.