White spot disease (White Faeces Syndrome, WFD) on shrimp vaname, an investigation of the causes and control

Along with the increase in shrimp farming activities, incidence of shrimp disease also raise up. Until now viral disease, caused by WSSV and IMNV has become a disease that lead to high losses. The presumption that the viral disease is always fatal and losses are not always true, because lately emerging new diseases are also causing substantial losses. Emerging disease is caused by a disease known as white faeces syndrome, based on white colour faeces-like material. The disease has spread in islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, with a high mortality rate. Its objective were  to investigate the cause of the disease, factors associated with disease occurrence and control. The method used was a survey, pathogenicity tests and test of materials to control disease. Results of the investigation showed histopathological observations obtained damage to the hepatopancreas and found a Agregated Transformed Microvili  (ATM) in the midgut. Isolation of bacteria from the hepatopancreas organs, and intestinal hemolimfe found several types of Vibrio were V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and V. fulnivicus. Koch's postulates test, using a mixture of bacteria investigated that at concentrations 10⁵, 10⁴ through the injection obtained by WFS symptoms in artificially infected shrimp. Treatment with garlic extract, activated carbon could inhibit bacterial WFS. Factors triggering the disease, among others, high organic matter, phytoplankton blooming, too high alkalinity and pH fluctuation.