INTENSIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION OF HYDROCOLES AND PLANTS IN MODULAR INSTALLATION
In modern period of aquaculture development, the biotechnologies of hydrocoles production in modular installations are topical. These installations supply flexible production that given commercial production on any stages of production cycle (eggs, fingerlings, fry, commercial fish, aquaponics production) depends on requirements of the market.
New biotechnology provides for selection of cultivated objects that supply maximum assimilation of feeds on different trophic levels, consecutive accumulation of metabolites, minimal evacuation and consumption of water, economy of energy resources. Fast-growing species were chosen, adapting opportunities of each fish species to concrete parameters of environment were considerate, and plants with short vegetation period were selected for maximum obtaining of green production from unit area.
Experimental researches were made in specialized aquacomplex of scientific-experimental base of SSC RAS. The objects of investigations were hybrids of sturgeon fish species, african catfish, crayfish and green cultures. For cultivation the objects experimental model of installation with closed water supply was used. The installation is a system of tanks, raceways, sedimentation basins, filters (mechanical and biological), light system, express-online control of hydrochemical parameters, living organisms.
One of the key unit of this modular installation is biological filter made on technology MBBR. Calculated power on oxidation of total ammonium nitrogen is 750 g/day, it conforms to 18 kg of extruded combined feeds that contain 45% of protein.
Hybrid forms of sturgeon fish were cultivated from weight 10 g to 1500-2000 g during 12 months with stocking density 50-70 kg/m3, clarid catfishes were cultivated during 4-5 months from weight 10 g to 1200-1500 g with stocking density 100 kg/m3. Production of catfish was obtained 3 times a year. Australian cancer were cultivated in system for obtaining the offspring.
High parameters of growth and survival rate of hydrocoles at combined cultivation in modular system were obtained: survival rate of fish is 95-98%, volume increment - 65%. For cultivation by hydroponics methods the experiments with plants cultures (lettuce, parsley) were carried out. It established that at cultivation in installation the vegetation period of lettuce is short (from sowing to harvest) - 40-45 days, contain of nitrates in leaves conforms to norm (1157 mg/kg), biomass of leaves from 1 m2 was 3500-4200 g/m2.
In vegetation period of parsley was 65-80 days (higher than in open ground), contain of nitrates in leaves conforms to norm, biomass of leaves from 1 m2 was 2500-3000 g with crop-producing power 63,3-67,2 kg/m2.
The level method with continuous cycle of consecutive cultivation of objects (hydrocoles and plants) in one artificial formed system where all objects have mutually stabilizing effect on biological system was developed.