Due to the increasing aquaculture production globally and declined capture fisheries over the last 20 years, fish raw materials used as feed are in higher demand than access (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2012). As replacements vegetable ingredients as alternative source for feed have been used and also focused in research., Concomitantly a reduction of the nutritional quality of fish (Tocher, 2009) was obtained., Fish raw materials with non/low-interests for human food can be another strategy (Sprague et al., 2010). Direct consumption of fish from contaminated waters is a potential threat to human health. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the defatted fish meal and decontaminated fish oil from Baltic used in feed for Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) by means of ¹H NMR-based metabolomics approach in addition to fish performance data.

Based on the metabolomic  analyses in liver, fish fed with diets of CFM+PFO and CFM+CFO were chosen for muscle metabolic analysis (data not shown). A decrease of glucose and increase of pyruvate in aqueous white muscle extracts of CFM+CFO demonstrated a metabolic disturbance on glycolysis and energy consumption, compared to that of CFM+PFO. According to other results, a reducing activity of oxidative enzymes and an increase in activity of glycolytic enzymes contribute was a syndrome of insulin resistance in individuals (Simoneau & Kelley, 1997).

Conclusion

¹H NMR results indicated that fish fed with diets of CFM+CFO and CFM+PFO+S suffered more oxidative stress plausibly caused by pollutants and showed a syndrome of insulin resistance. NMR-based metabolomic approach demonstrated to be a powerful tool for monitoring responses to pollutants, even when short rearing time and low levels of contaminants.