LAB DETERMINATION OF Different Piper betle Extract Concentrations as Alternative Treatment Against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) Infection in Pangasius sp.  

1*Siti-Hawa M., 1Siti-Zahrah A., 2Nik-Haiha,N.Y.,3Zamri-Saad,M.,3Baihaqi, O.,1Syakila, J, 1Norazila, J., 1Fahmi, S.
 
1National Fish Health Research Centre, Fisheries Research Institute, Batu Maung 11960 Penang Malaysia.
2Fisheries Research Institute Tanjung Demong, 22200 Terengganu Malaysia
3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia.
*Correspondence e-mail: sitihawa872@ymail.com

 


 

Aeromonas hydrophila is a causative agent of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), that has been identified as a problem in Pangasius sp. culture in Malaysia. Continuous reports of high mortality (30-40%) were reported from the Temerloh district of Pahang since 2008, especially during the dry season in farms along Pahang river. The critical culture period was found to be between 1 to 3 months. In previous study, P.betle extract was shown to have antibacterial properties against almost all aquatic bacteria pathogens . Hence, the plant extract was sprayed onto feed and can be taken up even at the concentration of 100ppm without any difficulty. The aim of this following study was to investigate the effectiveness of betel leaf extract on pangasius infected by A. hydrophila and to determine the optimal dosage to reduce mortality. The study was conducted for a period of 30 days at the lab. After 2 weeks acclimatization, fish was transferred and stocked at the rate of 10 fish/aquarium (100 liters).Both control and treatments were duplicated for each concentration used. The concentration used were 0 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm and 100 ppm. Prior treatment, fish were infected with A.hydrophilla through intraperitoneal injection at the concentration 5.18x108 cfu/mL and kept for 48 hours. P.betle treatment was then given treatment through feeding at 3% body weight daily, for two weeks. Clinical signs and mortality in each tank was monitored daily and recorded. While for histopathology study, liver, spleen and kidney of fish were sampled for every group before and after treatment. The results showed clinical signs of infected fish were inflammation around both mandibles and basal region of all fins, while internally pale liver and congested kidney. Treatment results showed increasing percentage of mortality 40%, 60%, 70% and 100% with decreasing concentration of P.betle 100ppm, 80ppm, 60ppm, 40 ppm and 0ppm respectively. This study showed that 100ppm P.betle extract is the optimum dosage for treatment as it showed significantly lower percentage of mortality, 40%. Therefore, P.betle extract could be could be effective oral treatment measure in controlling MAS in Pangasius sp.

Keywords: Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), Pangasius sp., Betel leaf extract, Oral treatment