INNATE IMMUNE-STIMULATING DAN IMMUNE GENES UP-REGULATING ACTIVITIES OF ALGINATE FROM Sargassum siliquosum IN PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei

Ervia Yudiati*, Alim Isnansetyo, Murwantoko, Triyanto, Ayuningtyas, and Christina Retna Handayani
 
Department of Fisheries,
Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University,
Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
eyudiati@gmail.com
 

The Total Haemocyte Count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, Phagocytic Activity/Index and Total Protein Plasma (TPP) were examined after feeding the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with diets supplemented with alginate. Immune-related genes expression was evaluated by quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results indicated that the immune parameters directly increased according to the doses of alginates and time. The 2.0 g kg-1 of  alginate treatment were gave better results. Four immune-related genes expression i.e. LGBP, Toll, Lectin, proPO were up regulated. It is therefore concluded that the supplementation of alginate of Sargassum siliquosum on the diet of L. vannamei enhanced the innate immunity as well as the expression of immune-related genes. It is the first report on the simultaneous evaluation of alginate to enhance innate immune parameters and four immune-related genes expression in L. vannamei.

White shrimps were reared in indoor fiberglass tanks (1m3), and acclimated to room temperature (26-28oC) for 2 weeks. During the acclimation period, shrimp were fed with the control diet. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was applied to identify and confirm that the shrimp were not infected with WSSV. Shrimp were then transfered to 7 plastic tanks. Each tank (144 L) with 120 L filtered seawater was stocked with 7 shrimp with an average initial weight of 17.2-22.9 g. The completely randomized design was applicated. The the dose of alginate (1g kg-1 and 2g kg-1) was applicated as treatments. One tank was designed as a control.

Results indicated that the THC, PA, PI, PO and SOD directly increased according to the doses of alginates and time (p<0.05).. Four immune-related genes expression i.e. LGBP, Toll, Lectin, proPO were all up regulated, except the Toll expression. LGBP genes transcripts were the most highest with relative expressions of 4.99.